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dino-files:

Name: Diplodocus
Pronounced: Dip-Low-Doe-Kuss
Classification: Sauropod
Sub-family: Diplodocid
Temporal Range: Late Jurassic (154-150 Mya)
Length: 35 metres
Height: 6 metres
Weight: 13,000kg
Movement: Quadrupedal
Feeding Type: Herbivore

Information:
- Discovery: The first ever skeleton of Diplodocus was discovered in Colorado, USA by researchers Benjamin Mudge and Samuel Williston in 1877. This specimen was studied by famous palaeontologist, Othniel Charles, in 1878 when he named it a new species; Diplodocus. Since this time, numerous other fossils have been discovered all over the western United States; in Colorado, Utah, Montana and Wyoming, making Diplodocus one of the most well-known dinosaurs to date. It was once believed that Diplodocus was the largest sauropod dinosaur to ever exist, however discoveries of new dinosaur species has since disproved this theory. Diplodocus fossils are extremely popular in natural history museums, mainly thanks to the large number of skeletal casts donated by researcher Andrew Carnegie to numerous museums around the world. Diplodocus itself is a member of the diplodocid sub-family of sauropods, making it a close relative of the equally-large, Supersaurus and the slightly smaller, Barosaurus.

- Statistics: It is believed that Diplodocus would have grown to lengths of around 35 metres, with 6 metres of this length being neck alone. In addition, Diplodocus had one of the longest sauropod tails, which was composed of about 80 caudal vertebrae. Modern weight estimates for Diplodocus often fall within the 10-16 tonne range.

- Description: Diplodocus has a fairly typical sauropod body shape; large round body, four stocky limbs, and a long neck and a whip-like tail. The purpose of this whip-like tail has been the subject of much debate. Some believe it was used as a defensive weapon, being used as a lash against potential predators. Others suggested it would have been used as a communication device, being used to make a loud ‘cracking’ noise to help signal to other Diplodocus.
            Diplodocus was a herbivorous animal, highlighted by the ‘peg-like’ teeth, which in adults, were situated only in the front part of its mouth. These teeth pointed forwards and it is proposed that Diplodocus fed by closing its mouth around vegetation so that the stems of plants slotted in between the ‘peg-like’ teeth. Diplodocus would then pull its head back, so that as the stems ran between the teeth, the softer foliage was stripped off and collected inside the mouth. Juvenile Diplodocus had teeth in the back of the mouth as well, suggesting they pulled their heads side to side, rather than just back. This would have made feeding much easier for juveniles, given their smaller size. Recent research has suggested that Diplodocus was a low browser, keeping its neck close to the ground for feeding. This idea is supported by the short front legs of Diplodocus, which would have meant a lower feeding posture would have been more comfortable. Despite this, it is also hypothesised that Diplodocus would have been able to rear up on its hind legs, using its tail as a third base of support, so it could feed from the tree canopy. This ability to adapt feeding posture (both ground and tree-top) would have put Diplodocus out of direct competition with other low browsing herbivores from the same time-period; such as Stegosaurus.
            Diplodocus was an extremely large herbivore, meaning it would have been a formable prey item for most predators. The huge size of Diplodocus is thought to have been enough to protect it from predator attacks; however injured or ill individuals may have been targeted by carnivores. In order to avoid predators, a Diplodocus would have to survive long enough to reach adulthood as juveniles would have been easy prey targets for predators, such as Ceratosaurus and Allosaurus. This suggests that juvenile mortality may have been incredibly high, with very few juveniles actually making it to adulthood. 

(via official-which)